The work aims to improve the thermal insulation performance of cold storage distribution box based on liquid nitrogen injection during circulation and ensure the distribution quality. A simulation test platform of distribution box circulation environment was established to investigate the effect of different external air velocity, external temperature and vibration frequency on the air temperature variation and temperature field distribution in the cold storage distribution box. According to the test results, when the external air velocity increased, the temperature rising speed of the internal environment in the box also increased. The external temperature had a great effect on the minimum air temperature inside the box after injection of liquid nitrogen, and the minimum air temperature decreased as the external temperature lowered. At the same time, a lower temperature was always kept during transportation. The homogeneity of temperature field rose firstly and then decreased. The vibration frequency had a great effect on the air temperature rising speed inside the box, and the homogeneity of temperature field decreased with the increase of vibration frequency. The results can provide a reference for the design and optimization of cold storage distribution equipment.