The work aims to reduce the cost of cold-chain logistics distribution, while ensuring that customer experience and carbon emissions meet enterprise requirements. In the overall consideration of the transportation distance, customer soft time window constraints, carbon emissions, fresh deterioration and other factors, a multi-objective fresh distribution routing optimization model was established with the lowest total cost, including refrigeration cost and penalty cost for delivery time, the lowest carbon emissions and the highest freshness of fresh products as the objectives, and a simulated annealing algorithm was designed to verify the solution with a cold-chain logistics enterprise in Beijing as an example. The fresh product distribution scheme was obtained. According to the comparison of distribution modes, the multi-center semi-open distribution mode had more advantages in reducing cost and shortening routing length, in which the total transportation cost and the total distance traveled by vehicles were reduced by 8.41% and 36.36% respectively compared with single-center independent distribution mode. Under uncertain demand, reasonable decision-making routing can effectively reduce the distribution cost while meeting the freshness and carbon emission standards of fresh products.