The work aims to systematically study the design and experiment of a new vacuum measuring device for fluid storage & transportation equipment, to solve the problems existing in the traditional devices, such as insufficient range and residual gas leakage, verify the change of the leakage rate of the device in the environmental test, and carry out batch installation and vacuum measurement application. The FEM was used to analyze the force of the new vacuum measuring device; the leakage rate of the new vacuum measuring device and the traditional sample before and after environmental test was compared by helium mass spectrometry. The results indicated that initial leakage rate of the new vacuum measuring device reached 10-10 Pa.m3/s. After environmental test, the leakage rate of the new vacuum measuring device did not change obviously, while the leakage rate of traditional device increased obviously after the environmental test. Thermocouple & thermocathode composite vacuum gauge used in the new vacuum measuring device can realize the full range of interlayer vacuum measurement of fluid storage & transportation equipment, and satisfy the electrical explosion-proof requirements of flammable medium storage & transportation. The supplementary vacuum pumping structure can solve the problem of residual gas leakage in vacuum measuring device. The "CF flange + oxygen-free copper" sealing structure demonstrates superior environmental adaptability and low vacuum leakage risk. At the same time, the change of leakage rate of vacuum measuring devices in the process of environmental test is also verified for the first time.