The work aims to research the effects of the homogenization times (microfibrillation degree of fibrous) during the preparation of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) aerogels on the structural properties and other performances of MFC aerogels such as heat conduction, heat preservation, and sustained-release of antibacterial essential oil, and to solve the problems that the concentration of essential oil is too high and the essential oil is consumed in a short time due to the rapid release rate of essential oil in the package. The TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO oxidation system was used to pretreat softwood bleached kraft pulp. MFCs were prepared by high-pressure homogenization by changing the times of homogenization and followed by low-temperature vacuum freeze-drying to prepare MFC aerogels. FT-IR, XRD, SEM and BET techniques were used to analyze the structural properties of aerogels, and methods such as stress-strain testing, thermal conductivity testing, TGA testing and GC-MS analysis were used to analyze the compression, heat preservation, and thermal insulation of aerogels. The results indicated that the crystallinity increased with the increase of microfibrillation degree of fibrous. The specific surface area between 17.643-35.171 m2/g of MFC aerogels first decreased and then increased. With the increase of homogenization times, the compressive strength of aerogels showed an increasing trend with an increase of 15.35%. The MFC aerogel with 10 homogenization times had the best heat resistance, followed by the MFC aerogel with 8 times of homogenization. The increase of homogenization times causes an increase in microfibrillation degree of fibrous. MFC aerogels with different degrees of microfibrillation have different internal structural properties and performances of compression, heat preservation, heat resistance and essential oil loading and sustained release.