The work aims to discuss the frequency-sweep characteristics of the packaging container and the frequency domain and time domain characteristics under random vibration excitation, so as to explore the effect of different contents on the vibration characteristics of the packaging container. Frequency-sweep and random vibration experiments were carried out on packaging containers for different contents of liquid and solid. The acceleration response, frequency domain distribution characteristics and response energy of different containers were compared and analyzed with vibration intensity and contents volume as variables. According to the results of frequency-sweep experiment, when the content was solid, the resonance frequency was concentrated around 50 Hz. When the content was liquid and its volume accounted for 50% and 80% of the volume of packaging container, the first-order resonance frequency was about 20 Hz. In the random experiment, when the content was liquid, the PSD distribution of packaging container was more dispersed than that when the content was solid and the grms was larger than that of the solid as a whole. The response energy was the largest when the contents accounted for 50% of the total volume of the packaging container. The increase of the excitation intensity had obvious impact on the response of the packaging container when the content was liquid, and the normal distribution could well describe the time domain distribution of the random vibration response of the packaging container. When the content was liquid, the acceleration response distribution deviated from Gaussian distribution obviously. Different contents will cause significant differences in resonance frequency, response acceleration and power spectral density distribution of packaging container.