The work aims to analyze various factors that affect the cell distribution of plant fiber porous materials and explore the effect of cell structure on properties, so as to provide a theoretical basis for preparing porous materials with uniform cell distribution and good cushioning properties. The research progress of cell structure of plant fiber porous materials at home and abroad was summarized, the foaming mechanism of porous materials was discussed, and the effects of molding process, types of additives, and content of additives on cell structure of plant fiber porous materials were systematically explained. Through analysis, the law of action of various affecting factors was obtained, which provided a basis for further improving the preparation plan of plant fiber porous materials and developing plant fiber foam materials with uniform cell distribution and stable performance. By formulating a scientific experimental program, a porous material with uniform cell distribution can be prepared, which can be used as a buffer material, and has a huge market demand in the packaging field.