High-amylose starch has unique gelatinization characteristics and excellent film-forming performance. It has great application prospect in biodegradable materials and food.. But high-amylose starch based biodegradable materials have inherent defects such as poor resistance to water and low wet. So it is required to fully understand the wide application of high-amylose starch based materials, and explore the modification methods of high-amylose starch in-depth. By tracking the high-amylose starch related modification research and application progress at home and abroad, the basic nature and properties of high-amylose starch were summarized. The effects of commonly used methods for high-amylose starch modification, such as physical modification, chemical modification and enzymatic modification on microstructure and mechanical properties of high-amylose starch were mainly analyzed and the challenges and opportunities of high-amylose starchin many areas were introduced in detail. The physical, chemical and enzymatic modification methods can be used to improve the physical and chemical properties of high-amylose starch, such as decreasing particle size, decreasing gelatinization temperature and increasing thermal stability, which can broaden the application range of high-amylose starch in packaging, food and medical fields.