The work aims to design a positioning method of palletizing robot by combining image processing and intelligent algorithm, so as to improve the intelligent positioning accuracy of palletizing robot in packaging production line. The basic structure and workflow of stacking robot were analyzed. A rapid hand-eye calibration method with a wide range of application was introduced. The actual position of material was obtained through image processing. A fuzzy neural network controller was designed to eliminate the deviation between actual grasping position and theoretical calculating position. Genetic Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm was used to solve the problem in initial value optimization of controller parameters. The effectiveness of the intelligent positioning method was verified by experiments. The experimental results showed that the deviation between the actual grasping position and the theoretical calculation position could be controlled within 0.5 mm, and the maximum actual sorting speed was 180 times/min. The visual palletizing control system can realize the positioning and identification of materials in the working area, and almost no missing and wrong grasping occurs, which meets the requirements of accuracy.