The work aims to introduce the current research status of modified polylactic acid in fruit and vegetable preservation packaging, to provide an outlook on its future development direction in the field of fruit and vegetable preservation packaging, and to provide a reference for the development and application of modified polylactic acid materials. The methods of physical and chemical modification of PLA, the performance characteristics of modified PLA and its application in fruit and vegetable preservation are described, and the research progress of PLA composite packaging films in fruit and vegetable preservation packaging in recent years is explored. The results show that the performance of PLA has been greatly improved after modification, and the prepared PLA composite film can effectively delay the aging of fruits and vegetables, maintain the quality of fruits and vegetables, and extend the shelf life. Since PLA has biodegradable properties, it has very great potential for future applications in the field of green packaging, and more in-depth research on modified PLA is needed for safer and more efficient, innovative and environmentally friendly applications.