In order to solve the problem of low filling efficiency of sweet orange, an efficient and accurate fruit filling and conveying equipment was proposed in this paper. A three-dimensional model of the filling equipment was established to study the influence of the geometric parameters of the spiral blades and the characteristics of the fruit on the filling process. The results show that the filling equipment can complete the filling of fruit particles well, and the mass flow rate of fruit grain is more than 6 times higher than the initial value. In the process of screw conveying, viscous material particles can keep stable aggregation, which is only related to the surface energy of particles; in the process of screw conveying, the surface energy of particles can be increased through process optimization to maintain the obvious stability and improve the conveying efficiency. When the surface energy of particles is 0.1 J/m2, there is stability between particles, and the screw conveying efficiency reaches the maximum when the surface energy is 1.3 J/m2. After analysis and optimization, the filling equipment proposed in this paper can effectively realize the efficient filling of fruit particles.