The performance of three-dimensional graphene in practical application is far from its theoretical simulation results. There is no systematic reason analysis and summary of improvement methods at present.Therefore, it is necessary to review the development history of three-dimensional graphene and the research progress at home and abroad in recent years, which can provide a reference for the application of three-dimensional graphene in industrial design and production of active materials for supercapacitor electrodes. In this paper, the preparation methods of three-dimensional graphene materials are reviewed, and the research on its application in supercapacitors is described. The solutions to the problems of three-dimensional structure collapse, the improvement of the overall specific capacitance of materials by doping heteroatoms, and the theoretical simulation of graphene based capacitors are summarized. Three-dimensional graphene material is mainly prepared by self-assembly method and template method. The reduction degree of the former is not high and the capacitance value of it is generally between 100-300 F/g; the specific surface area of graphene prepared by the latter can reach more than 500 m2/g; the capacitance retention of the multi-element doped system is generally less than 80% at high current density; the theoretical simulation of hierarchical porous structure is insufficient. These will be concerned by scholars that the preparation of three-dimensional graphene with hierarchical porous structure, the theoretical research of multi-element doping system, and the research and application of asymmetric supercapacitor.