This study was performed to prepare layered double hydroxides/polylactic acid composite antibacterial film and synthesize a kind of broad-spectrum antibacterial material, so as to provide a broader application prospect in the field of food packaging. ZnAl-LDH and p-hydroxybenzoic (PHBA) acid were used as antibacterial materials, PHBA was inserted into the precursor of ZnAl-LDH by calcination and reduction method, and the obtained ZnAl-PHBA-LDH could be prepared with different concentrations of ZnAl-PHBA-LDH/polylactic acid(ZPL/PLA) by solvent volatile method. The apparent morphology, mechanical properties, antibacterial properties and degradation properties of the film were studied. It showed the overall appearance of ZPL/PLA was good. And as the concentration of ZnAl-PHBA-LDH increased, the tensile strength and Young's modulus increased, and the elongation at break decreased gradually. When the addition amount of ZnAl-PHbA-LDH was 15%, ZPL/PLA had a strong antibacterial effect against Staph aureus and Candida albicans at 12.35 mm and 11.24 mm, respectively, and ZPL/PLA could degrade normally under natural conditions. It is concluded that ZPL / PLA is a new type of environmental protection antibacterial material with good antibacterial properties.