The work aims to study the migration of volatile organic compounds in polystyrene foam boxes for fruits and vegetables and evaluate the safety of food after contact with foam boxes. The foam boxes from different sources were collected, and 4% (volume fraction) acetic acid and 10% (volume fraction) ethanol were used to simulate liquid migration experiments. Then the volatile organic compounds with higher migration were selected for physical migration experiments to detect the migration of volatile organic compounds. Meta-xylene, p-xylene, o-xylene, styrene, ethylbenzene, 1,3-butadiene had different degrees of migration detected in the migration experiment of the simulated liquid, and 10% (volume fraction) ethanol has a higher migration value as a migration solution, styrene has the highest migration in 10% (volume fraction) ethanol; o-xylene was not detected in oranges in physical migration experiments, and the migration of styrene in oranges increases with the temperature, the longer the storage time, and the greater the migration high. O-xylene was detected in Chinese cabbage, and the migration amount also showed an upward trend with the increase of temperature and time. The migration of volatile organic compounds was not detected in cherry tomatoes. The migration of styrene and o-xylene in the foam box in the simulated liquid is relatively high, and they may migrate in large quantities after being exposed to oranges and Chinese cabbage for a long time at higher temperature, posing risks to human health.