This paper studies the specific application of blockchain technology in the field of food safety, especially in the quality and safety monitoring of fresh food cold chain logistics, so as to strengthen food quality and safety management and improve the efficiency of food cold chain supply chain. This paper analyzes the weak links of fresh food cold chain logistics quality and safety management, demonstrates the applicability of block chain technology in food cold chain quality and safety monitoring, builds a food cold chain quality and safety information platform with block chain as the underlying technology, and studies the promotion effect of innovative application of block chain technology on food cold chain quality and safety management. The application of blockchain technology to build a fresh food cold chain quality and safety information platform with unified data, efficient operation, real-time collection of food quality and safety information, real-time early warning of quality and safety risks, effective traceability of quality and safety problems, help to reshape the food quality and safety ecosystem. The food cold chain quality and safety information platform based on blockchain technology, a combination of a series of core technologies, such as distributed ledger, digital signature, and traceability, can strengthen microbial contamination monitoring, shorten the travel time of food cold chain, and effectively track and trace the source of quality and safety problems. It is of great significance to strengthen food quality and safety management and promote the optimization of fresh food supply chain.