The influence of different starch matrixes on the properties of the composite films was studied to provide a reference for the selection of raw materials for starch-based film. In this study, six commercially starches, including potato starch, sweet potato starch, mung bean starch, pea starch, tapioca starch, and wheat starch, were selected as raw materials. The 30 g/L starch solution and 20 g/L chitosan solution were mixed at a volume ratio of 1∶1, and glycerol was used as plasticizer. The mechanical properties and permeabilities of composite films were determined. The properties and structures of the composite films were characterized and analyzed by X-ray Diffraction, Infrared Spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope and contact angle. There are significant variations of mechanical properties and permeabilities of composite films prepared with starch from different sources. Among them, when the amylose mass fraction of potato starch is 14%, its composite film has the best elongation at break and permeabilities where the elongation at break can reach 55.65%, and the oxygen permeablity is 75.52 cm3/(m2∙24 h∙0.1 MPa); when the amylopectin mass fraction of wheat starch is 27%, its composite film has the best tensile strength and barrier properties, the tensile strength is up to 14.04 MPa, the oxygen permeablity is 3.31 cm3/(m2∙24 h∙0.1 MPa), and the water vapor permeability is 24.51 g/(m2∙24 h). The composite films were prepared with hydrophilic materials that had good compatibility. In the high amylose mass fraction situation, the composite film has good tensile strength and barrier properties, in the high amylopectin mass fraction situation, the composite film has good elongation at break, but the barrier properties is poor. The different of starch raw materials can regulate the properties of the composite film materials, which meets the different needs of packaging materials.