In order to explore the effect of Nα-lauroyl-l-arginine ethyl ester hydrochloride (LAE) treatment on the good fruit rate of cold storage blueberry and its mechanism of action, the effects of preharvest spraying LAE (0, 30, 60 and 90 mg/L) on the physicochemical quality indexes of blueberry fruits during cold storage were studied by stepwise multiple regression and path analysis. During the cold storage, the peaks of reducing sugar content of three concentration levels of LAE treated blueberries were delayed more than 10 days than that of the control, which effectively maintained the high firmness, .OH clearance rate and POD activity of blueberry fruits in the early stage of storage. During the whole cold storage period, there was a significant positive correlation between .OH clearance rate and good fruit rate of 30-60 mg/L LAE treated blueberry fruits (P<0.01). After 15 days of cold storage, the hardness, soluble solids and reducing sugar content of blueberry treated with 30 mg/L LAE were 45.27%, 23.81% and 28.57% higher than those of the control group, the total acid content decreased by 37.50%, and the good fruit rate was 16.04% higher than that of the control group. Preharvest spraying 30 mg/LLAE could improve the good fruit rate of cold storage blueberry, .OH clearance rate of the fruit was the decision factor that affected the good fruit rate, and the fruit hardness through .OH clearance rate also had an indirect positive effect on the good fruit rate of blueberry.