The work aims to study the movement law of airflow and dust diffusion on the fully automatic high-speed carton packaging production line, to provide a reasonable dust control plan. Ansys Fluent software was used to simulate the airflow and dust movement of a carton production line in a pharmaceutical factory and compare the simulation results with the actually measured data. The moving trajectory of airflow and the dust was basically the same. In the unpacking station, the airflow containing dust was mixed with each other and the dust spread in a wide range and fell seriously. In the manual stacking station, a large amount of dust was hindered and scattered on the carrying platform surface. In the box closing station, dust was easy to agglomerate and fall into the inside of the mechanism. In the carton bin station, part of the dust was collected on the conveyor belt by static electricity, and the undropped dust entered the box opening area with the airflow. In the dust control plan, dust suction ports are set in the manual and the carton bin station to reduce dust output. Dust suction port is also set in box opening station to block dust movement and effectively control dust and remove dust.