The work aims to describe the limitations on evolution mechanism of cold chain distribution network for fruit and vegetable in view of the preferred connection method in the BA scale-free network model. Based on the analysis of the evolution characteristics of fruit and vegetable cold chain distribution network, the loss risk coefficient of fruit and vegetable and timely delivery rate were selected as the measurement indexes of node preferred connection, and the evolution model of fruit and vegetable cold chain distribution network was constructed by considering the node exit and edge disappearance. The degree distribution of fruit and vegetable cold chain distribution network obeyed power law distribution and had scale-free characteristics, and the related parameters of the model had certain influence on degree distribution and power law index. Improving the preferred connection of BA scale-free network model can truly reflect the evolution mechanism of fruit and vegetable cold chain distribution network, and provide great help for cold chain enterprises to make rational use of cold chain distribution centers and prevent sudden failure risk of fruit and vegetable cold chain distribution network.