The work aims to study the effects of natural cold source and mechanical refrigeration on physiological indexes of sweet potato storage and the feasibility of storage. Taking the ordinary cellar as the control group, the experiment tested the changes of temperature and humidity as well as the physiological indexes such as water content, hardness, starch content, MDA content and soluble solids content of sweet potato (content in mass fraction). When stored for 100 days, sweet potatoes in the bidirectional storage were superior to those in the common cellar, with water content of 72.18%, hardness of 677.263 N/cm2, soluble solid content of 15.32%, MDA content of 4.25 μmol/g and starch content of 16.05%.Compared with common cellar storage, natural cold source and mechanical refrigeration can maintain the required temperature and humidity of sweet potato storage, maintain the hardness, and content of water, starch and soluble solids of sweet potato, reduce the loss of sweet potato storage, and play a significant role in the storage of sweet potato.