The paper aims to understand the research status of microbial source bio-preservatives on spoilage bacteria and extend the shelf life of aquatic products. Based on the analysis of specific spoilage bacteria in common aquatic products, classification, advantages and disadvantages of common biological preservatives, the bacteriostatic mechanism and research progress of Nisin, ε-polylysine, lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria were described respectively. The main suggestions for improvement were put forward and the development of microbial source bio-preservatives was also prospected. Microbial source bio-preservatives combined with other bio-preservatives or preservation technology can improve the bacteriostatic effect effectively. It has broad development prospects.