The work aims to summarize the application progress of carbon dots (CDs) fluorescence probe in the rapid detection of agricultural products to provide the reference for ensuring the quality and safety of agricultural products. By summarizing literatures at home and abroad, the characteristics, detection principles and synthesis method of carbon dots were analyzed. Focused on the detection of heavy metal ions and pesticides commonly found in agricultural products, the application progress of carbon dots fluorescence probes was reviewed, and the existing problems of carbon dots were an-alyzed and their future development direction was prospected. Although carbon dots fluorescence probe had made certain achievements in the rapid detection of agricultural products, there were still some problems to be solved in the aspects of fluorescence mechanism, detection sensitivity and stability, which needed a more intensive study. Carbon dots have the advantages of stable optical properties, easy surface functionalization, rapid reaction speed and good biocompatibility, etc. The modification, doping and passivation of carbon dots can broaden the detection range and improve its detection per-formance. It is expected to play a more important role in the application of rapid detection of agricultural products.