The work aims to study the effects of low temperature stress on membrane lipid metabolism of capsicum annuum. 'Jinli' capsicum annuums were used as experimental materials and stored at 10 ℃ (control group) and 4 ℃ (LT stress group). The changes in electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, phospholipase D (PLD), lipoxygenase (LOX) activity and fatty acid components of capsicum annuum were identified and analyzed. The results showed that, under LT stress, the electrolyte leakage of capsicum annuum increased, MDA accumulated, proline content increased, PLD and LOX activities increased, linoleic acid and linolenic acid decreased, stearic acid increased and fatty acid unsaturation index decreased. Low temperature stress can give rise to the increase of PLD and LOX activities, the degradation of unsaturated fatty acids and the increase of saturated fatty acids. A decrease in membrane fluidity ultimately leads to a loss of membrane integrity. During this process, the proline content increases significantly.