The work aims to study the protective performance of cushioning packaging structures made of different protective materials during the transportation and packaging of fragile products. Through modal analysis and random vi-bration analysis module in Ansys Workbench, the modal and random vibration simulation analyses of the model were carried out to obtain all-directional stress, displacement and total stress of fragile products. The simulation results of two kinds of protective materials were analyzed and compared, the optimal cushioning scheme was selected, and the random vibration and drop tests were carried out. The cushioning structures made of two protective materials had good protective performance, and it was more economic and environmental to select the designed EPE cushioning structure. Moreover, there was no deformation or damage to the package during random vibration and drop tests. It is concluded that ideas have been provided for low cost and high reliability structural design of fragile products, and an analysis method is also provided for product performance prediction and transportation plan detection.