The work aims to innovatively improve the design of the existing longevity fruit shelling equipment in the market because of large particle size difference, incomplete husk and kernel separation and low peeling rate. Based on TRIZ theory, the working principle of the existing shelling machine for longevity fruit in the market and the corresponding problems were analyzed. The theory of solving inventive problems and macro contradiction matrix method were adopted to obtain the corresponding innovative design principle. According to the selected optimum principle, four main technical conflicts in the design process were solved. Based on the principle of parameter variation, the working plate in the first stage shell removal device was changed into a continuous inclined plane, which solved the problem of low efficiency of shell removal. Based on the principle of partition and dynamic characteristics, the driving crank was designed to be the type with adjustable length, so that the production rhythm could be adjusted and the flexible production could be realized. Based on the continuity principle of effective movement, the peeling rate and the automation degree of the equipment were improved by adding a rolling device specially used for small fruits and blighted fruits. Through the principle of multiplicity, the power source of the three-stage shelling device was used to replace the power source of the shell collecting device to make the structure more compact. Experiments show that the new flexible shelling machine can achieve 97.6% of the peeling rate of Dabaisha and 98.2% of the peeling rate of Four-grain Red, which are higher than that of the existing shelling equipment. The breakage rate of Dabaisha and Four-grain Red is just 1.97% and 1.18%, which is lower than that of the existing shelling equipment. The design results lay a theoretical foundation for the design and research of similar shelling equipment.