In recent years, the widespread adverse influence of microplastics and related pollutants on the environment and biological organisms in the production and degradation of packaging materials is critical for the detection of microplastics and toxicology research. In order to provide reference methods for subsequent researches, the work aims to review and analyze some routine detection methods of microplastics. The present detection methods for microplastics, such as infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) combined with fluorescence detection, hyperspectral imaging, electron microscopy imaging, etc., were described, and the present situation of detection was summarized. The detection methods for microplastics have shown a development trend from simplification to diversification, but the simplicity and rapidity of detection methods need to be further improved. The proposed methods provide a reference for the research and development of monitoring and detection technology of microplastics and related toxic and harmful substances in packaging materials in later stage.