The paper aims to study the effects of the use and cleaning methods of tableware on the migration of formaldehyde and heavy metals in tableware, and reduce the risk of consumer use. By studying the change of formaldehyde migration amount and heavy metal migration amount of melamine tableware with and without pattern printing after using in extreme improper conditions, the risk assessment of the use mode of melamine tableware under various conditions was carried out. The formaldehyde migration amount of melamine tableware was significantly increased after microwave oven with medium fire, steel wire ball scrubbing for 10 times or simulated cooking temperature c.a. 100 ℃. Migration of heavy metals (As, Pb and Cd) from melamine tableware with printing pattern against food contact surface was far lower than the limit of national standards, as well as those without printing pattern. Improper use of melamine cutlery such as microwave ovens, repeated sharp scrubbing, cooking use of formaldehyde migration will obviously increase the formaldehyde migration, or even make it exceed the standard limit value, resulting in great safety risks. There is a very high risk.