The paper aims to study the inhibitory effects of 1-MCP and clove essential oil on the main decaying strains of postharvest apples, Alternaria alternata and Aspergillus in vitro and in vivo conditions. “Hanfu” apple was used as experimental material to isolate and purify the rot and clove essential oil apples, and then in vitro experiments and apple inoculation experiments were carried out. Two genera were isolated from the rot and clove essential oil apples: Alternaria and Aspergillus. The ability to cause rot decreased from Aspergillus and Alternaria. Under in vitro conditions, 1-MCP and clove essential oil had significant inhibitory effects on the tested strains. The minimum inhibitory concentration of 1-MCP against Alternaria alternata and Aspergillus were 8 μL/L and 9 μL/L respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration of clove essential oil on Alternaria alternata and Aspergillus were 5 μL/L and 7 μL/L respectively. In the in vivo experiment, 5 μL / L 1-MCP treatment had the most significant effect on the control of the diameter expansion of apple fruit. The inhibition rate against Alternaria was 18.17% at the 6th day, and that against Aspergillus reached 27.31% at the 6th day. The optimal inhibitory concentration of clove clove essential oil 12 μL/L. At the 6th day, the inhibition rate against Alternaria was 79.36%, and that against Aspergillus was 34.82%. In this experiment, the optimal concentration of 1-MCP is 5 μL/L, and that of the essential oil of clove is 12 μL/L.1-MCP has a significant inhibitory effect on Aspergillus, while clove essential oil has a better inhibitory effect on Alternaria.