The paper aims to improve the maximum loading space utilization ratio of ammunition storage cabinet and the assembly packaging capacity of cartridge ammunition. Through Sketch up Pro software, two kinds of ammunition were modeled and designed respectively, and an optimal solution based on genetic algorithm was proposed. According to ammunition type and storage requirement, 10 stacking schemes were designed. Through comparative analysis, it was found that 56 cartridges of ammunition could be stacked and stored in the side-loading scheme, accounting for 98% and 79.05% of the total load-bearing capacity and storage space respectively; 24 cartridges could be stacked and stored in the rocket flat-loading scheme, accounting for 19.2% and 79.68% of the total load-bearing capacity and storage space. In the main scheme, the paperback stacking scheme can stack 48 cartridges and 4 rockets, accounting for 87.2% and 69.27% of the total load-bearing capacity and storage space. In the side-loading scheme, 22 cartridges and 8 cartridges can be stacked, accounting for 28.4% and 60.81% of the total load-bearing capacity and storage space. The above-mentioned stacking scheme was superior to other scheme in cartridge utilization ratio and ammunition access. The scheme effectively improves the storage capacity of cartridge ammunition in ammunition storage cabinet.