The work aims to improve the adaptability of ammunition railway transportation and realize rapid and safe transportation of ammunition. By means of comparison, statistical and other methods, the problems existing in the ammunition packing box test were studied, and the countermeasures to solve the problems were put forward in combination with the rules and standards and the actual situation. There were some problems in ammunition packaging box test, such as inadequate test supervision, stacking height, drop height, conditions, high and low temperature setting, and the judgment criteria of drop test were inconsistent with the regulations of railway transportation industry, and the qualification of test organizations did not meet the requirements. The existing problems were required to be improved. The current ammunition packing box test does not meet the requirements of railway transportation. Only by formulating corresponding rules and regulations according to the requirements of the railway transportation industry and standardizing the test process can the safety of ammunition railway transportation be ensured.