The work aims to study the impact of random factors on two empty container allocation modes in order to show the superiority of collaborative empty container allocation mode in random environment. Considering the randomness of empty container demand in a port and empty container shipping capacity limit, the minimum cost of empty container allocation in the decision period was taken as objective to set up the collaborative empty container allocation model between liner companies in random environment. Then, through an example, the influence of different port service level and capacity restriction level on empty container allocation decision was discussed, and the sensitivity of stochastic factors in the empty container allocation system was analyzed. When liner companies adopted the conservative-cost decision, the conservative-service decision, the risk-cost decision, and the risk-service decision, the total cost difference of two empty container allocation modes was respectively 9638, 22 862, 10 710, and 19 284 dollars. In summary, reducing the capacity restriction level can compress the total cost of empty container allocation, but increasing the port service level will add the total cost of empty container allocation, and the advantage of collaborative empty container allocation mode is more obvious when the port service level and the capacity restriction level are at a high level. Compared with the individual empty container allocation mode, the collaborative empty container allocation mode can weaken the influence of stochastic factor fluctuation in the empty container allocation system on the total cost of empty container allocation.