The work aims to study the effects of different phase change materials on packaging heat transfer and temperature control duration during cold-chain transportation. By adopting a unique packaging structure design and carrying out different pretreatment on the phase change materials according to the transportation environment temperature, the good temperature control performance of the phase change material in the solid-liquid phase transition process was fully utilized. When the performance parameters of the thermal insulation box kept unchanged, the temperature control duration depended on the phase change temperature and phase change enthalpy of the adopted phase change material. The phase change material with melting point of 5 ℃ at the extremely high temperature, extremely low temperature and alternating temperature can extend the holding time of package from 1 hour to more than 80 hours and the constant temperature platform of 4~5 ℃ was maintained in the package. When the water with melting point of 0 ℃ was used as PCM, the package was excessively cooled for long time and the temperature platform was within -1~2 ℃. The package holding time experimentally determined agreed well with that theoretically calculated value and the deviation was within ±10%. Thus, suitable PCM can greatly extend the holding time of temperature-controlled package and the effective pretreatment on phase change materials can ensure the transportation safety of refrigerated drugs at all extreme temperature.