The work aims to study the internal temperature field distribution of food refrigerated incubators under the condition of food in cold storage to verify whether the distribution and thermal insulation performance of incubator temperature field meet the design requirements. The finite element method was used to construct the thermal analysis model of the food refrigerated incubator with COMSOL Multiphysics. The simulation on the temperature field was carried out according to the condition of food in cold storage, and the accuracy of the simulation results was verified by the experiment. The simulation results showed that, when the food container inside food refrigerated incubator was filled with 0 ℃ food, and the food was stored for 4 h when the external environment temperature was at 46 ℃, the food temperature increased from top to bottom, and the average food temperature was 5.55 ℃. The experimental results showed that, the average food temperature was 6.65 ℃, which was lower than 10 ℃. The average error between the simulation results and the experimental results was 1.1 ℃. The change trend of experimental data of food temperature in the food refrigerated incubator is basically consistent with the simulated data. It is feasible and effective to analyze the temperature field of the incubator by numerical simulation. The cold storage plate has a great effect on improving the thermal insulation effect of the food refrigerated incubator, and the thermal insulation performance meets the design requirements.