The work aims to study the collaborative transportation process of empty and loaded containers to decrease the waste of transportation resources, in view of the increasingly prominent contradiction between the supply and demand of containers and the long-term independent transportation of empty and loaded containers. In the case of using foldable containers, with the maximum profits of the transportation company as the objective, a collaborative transportation optimization model for empty and loaded containers was established in order to achieve efficient door-to-door service. The specific example was solved by LINGO modeling. Through the example analysis, the feasibility of the model was verified. It was also compared with whether or not to use foldable containers, whether or not to consider the collaborative transportation of empty and loaded containers and other modes. The result showed that the average capacity utilization rate increased by 15.23% under certain conditions compared with the traditional transportation mode. It is verified that the economic benefits of collaborative transportation of empty and loaded containers with foldable containers are higher than other transportation modes.