The work aims to study the effect of aluminum foam pore size (foam diameter inside aluminum foam) on the compression properties of aluminum foam, compare and analyze the compression and energy-absorbing properties of aluminum foam, polyurethane (PU) and aluminum foam-polyurethane composites, and analyze the influence of aluminum foam porosity and polyurethane content on the compression and energy-absorbing properties of aluminum foam-polyurethane composites. The sample was subject to quasi-static compression experiments. Through quasi-static compression experiments, the corresponding stress-strain curves were respectively obtained, and the energy absorption-strain curve was derived from the stress-strain curve. The stress-strain curves and energy absorption-strain curves obtained from the experiments show that, the compression and energy-absorbing properties of aluminum foam increase with the increase of the pore size of aluminum foam; and after the foam aluminum foam is added with polyurethane to form the aluminum foam-polyurethane composites, the compression and energy-absorbing properties are greatly improved compared to those of the simple aluminum foam and polyurethane. When the porosity of aluminum foam is constant, the compression and energy-absorbing properties of aluminum foam-polyurethane composites increase with the increase of polyurethane content. When the polyurethane content is constant, the compression and energy-absorbing properties of aluminum foam-polyurethane composites will increase with the decrease of porosity of aluminum foam.