The work aims to investigate the effect of talc filling modification on mechanical property, thermal stability, crystallization property of Poly butylene succinate (PBS). The talc was surface-modified by titanate coupling agent. Different amounts of modified talc were filled into the PBS matrix and extruded by a twin-screw extruder for modification. When the mass fractions of talc were respectively less than 15%, it had no remarkable impact on the tensile strength and elongation at break of the composites. TG analysis indicated that, the thermal stability of PBS composites was improved notably when the mass fraction of talc was 5%-10% and the thermal decomposition temperature increased from 357 ℃ to 372 ℃. The results of XRD demonstrated that the incorporation of talc did not change the PBS crystal form, but changed the cell parameters a bit. SEM studies indicated that, when the mass fraction was below 15%, the talc was of homogeneous dispersion in the PBS matrix; however, such homogeneous dispersion would gradually become worse with the increase of talc mass fraction. The stiffness of the composites is increased and the crystallinity is decreased linearly with the increasing talc mass fraction. The addition of titanate coupling agent can enhance the interfacial adhesion of the composites and produce fine mechanical properties. In addition, the thermal stability of PBS/talc composites is closely related to the distribution of talc in PBS matrix.