The work aims to improve military armor protection technology, study the types, processing technology and performance characteristics of military armor protection materials, and comb the development course of military armor. According to the classification, the characteristics of armor protection material and the design of special structural function protection board were introduced. The performance characteristics, processing technology and existing problems of widely used metal materials (armored steel, aluminum alloy and titanium alloy) were introduced. The characteristics and current situation of ceramic materials and composites were studied. Finally, the composite panels with two special functional structures were described. The increasingly improved damage ability about weapon system makes the improvement of armor protection material and the optimization of structural design particularly important. Armor protection material will be lightweight, compound, serialized and integrated.