目的 通过冲弯实验，测定泡沫铜-聚氨酯复合材料结构在动载荷作用下的缓冲吸能性能，对比研究该复合材料结构抗高冲击、高过载的性能差异。方法 向泡沫铜试件中填充不同体积分数的聚氨酯，按照《金属常温冲击韧性实验法》在夏比冲击试验机上进行冲弯试验，测定试样的吸收功值，从而对比探究该种复合材料的力学性能。结果 聚氨酯在试样中所占体积分数为50%时其能量均值相对最大，此时材料韧性较好，且材料抵抗冲击载荷能力较强。结论 将聚氨酯填充到开孔泡沫铜材料中可构成一种性能优良的抗冲击吸能结构，其性能优于泡沫铜和聚氨酯单体，在抗高冲击、高过载的军工产业和民用产业中具有广阔的应用前景。

The work aims to measure the energy absorption properties of the foamed copper-polyurethane composite structure under dynamic load by the bending test, and compare and research the difference in the properties of such composite to resist the high impact and high overload. The polyurethanes with different volume fractions were filled in the foamed copper samples. The bending test was carried out on a Charpy impact tester according to the "experimental method of metal impact toughness at room temperature". The absorbance of the sample was measured to explore the mechanical properties of the composite. When the volume fraction of polyurethane in the sample accounted for 50%, the mean of energy absorption was relatively the maximum, at which time the toughness of the material was better and the material had better resistance to impact load. An anti-impact energy-absorbent structure with excellent performance could be fabricated by injecting polyurethane into the open-cell copper foams. The performances of such structure were superior to foamed copper and polyurethane monomer, and such structure has wide application prospect in military industry and civil industry resistant to high impact and high overload.