目的 探讨背负不同型号背囊对人体行进中生理负荷和生物力学姿态的影响， 分析背囊的结构设计是否适合人体生理特点和人体工效学要求。方法 针对4种不同型号背囊， 选择10名男性武警某部卫生员作为受试对象， 在受试人员携行背囊行进过程中， 对血氧饱和度、 心率、 呼吸频率、 氧耗量、 躯干倾角、 躯体症状等进行测试。结果 综合分析比较各项测试指标， Ⅰ号背囊结构设计没有考虑我国成年人人体尺寸特点， Ⅱ号背囊易造成腰背部受力集中， 平衡能力受到影响， Ⅲ号背囊引起的肌体疲劳感较重， Ⅳ号背囊携行结构设计相对符合人体生理特点， 适体性相对较好。结论 人体背负背囊行进中生理负荷和生物力学姿态指标的变化与背囊携行结构设计密切相关， 人体工效学评价可为背囊携行结构的优化设计提供科学依据。

To explore the change of human physiological parameters, fatigue level and loading attitude when traveling with different backpacks, and to further analyze whether the structure design of backpack met the physiological characteristics of human body and human ergonomics requirement. Four types of backpacks were studied and ten male hygienists from a department of armed police were selected as the subjects. The blood oxygen saturation, heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen consumption, body angle of inclination and bodily symptoms of subjects when traveling with a backpack were tested to get scientific data for analysis. Comprehensive analysis and comparison of the test indexes revealed: the structure design of backpack No. I did not consider the body size of adults in China, backpack No. 2 was more likely to concentrate the force on the lower back and impact on equilibrant, backpack No. 3 easily led to fatigue stress of human body, while the carrying structure design of backpack No. 4 relatively well met human physiological characteristics. In conclusion, the change of human physiological parameters, loading attitude and body angle of inclination when traveling with different backpacks is closely related with backpack portable structure, and ergonomics research can provide scientific basis and evaluation standard for optimization design of backpack portable structure.