目的 为危险材料运输过程中的安全性评估提供依据。方法 将包装系统(包括箱体、 缓冲结构及靶体)简化为由3个非线性弹簧及1个质量块组成的弹簧-质量块模型， 利用能量守恒定律， 分析抗事故包装箱碰撞过程中冲击动能与应变能之间的转化过程， 假设使包装箱吸收相同变形能的冲击速度等效， 研究碰撞过程中屈服靶体与非屈服靶体的速度等效关系， 并通过实例应用此数学方法。结果 得出抗事故包装箱跌落碰撞过程中屈服靶体与非屈服靶体速度关系等效的数学方法， 并通过实例分析得出包装箱以一定速度（13.9 m/s）碰撞非屈服靶体可等效为更高速度（26.8 m/s）的屈服靶体碰撞。结论 研究提出的等效方法可为危险材料的运输安全性评估提供依据。

The aim of this work was to provide a basis for security evaluation during transportation process of dangerous substances. The package system (cask body, impact limiter and target) was simplified to a spring-mass model composed of three nonlinear springs and a concentrated mass, then based on the principle of conservation of energy, the transfer course between kinetic energy and strain energy of accident-resistant packaging container was analyzed during impact process, supposing that velocities resulting cask body and impact limiter absorbing the same energy were equivalent, then the equivalent velocity between yielding target and unyielding target during the impact process was studied, and this equivalent relationship was applied in an example. A math method of researching equivalent velocity between yielding target and unyielding target during impact process of accident-resistant packaging container was presented, and then it was validated by an example that when the packaging container collided with unyielding target at a determinate velocity (13.9 m/s) , it was equivalent with a higher velocity (26.8 m/s) colliding with yielding target. This equivalent method introduced in this paper could provide a basis for security evaluation during transportation process of dangerous substances.