目的 为优化化学还原法合成纳米银的路径， 对比研究乙醇、 乙二醇、 去离子水等3种溶剂中生成纳米银的形貌和粒径。方法 首先采用化学还原的方法， 分别在乙醇、 乙二醇、 去离子水中利用水合肼还原硝酸银， 控制反应温度为60 ℃， 并用磁力搅拌器剧烈搅拌， 制得PVP保护的纳米银， 然后用紫外-可见分光光度计、 扫描电子显微镜和马尔文激光粒度仪进行表征。结果 3种溶液反应体系中都生成了球形纳米银， 平均粒径分别为35， 40和53 nm。其中， 乙醇溶液体系条件下生成的球形纳米银粒度小， 粒径分布窄， 乙二醇溶液体系条件生成的纳米银粒度稍大， 粒径分布稍宽， 去离子水体系中生成的球形纳米银粒度最大， 粒径分布最宽。此外， 去离子水中生成的纳米银形貌多样， 不仅生成球形纳米银， 还生成了少量形状各异的纳米银。结论 乙醇作为溶剂有利于生成粒径较小且分布均匀的球形纳米银。

The aim of this work was to optimize the synthesis route for silver nanoparticles by chemical reduction method, the morphology and particle size of nanosilver synthesized in three solvents, namely ethanol, ethylene glycol(EG) and deionized water, were comparatively studied. Firstly, chemical reduction methods were used to prepare nanosilver under PVP protection in ethanol, ethylene glycol and deionized water respectively using silver nitrate as Ag precursor and hydrazine hydrate as reductant, the reaction temperature was kept at 60 ℃ and the reaction system was vigorously stirred with magnetic force. Then UV-Vis spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscope and Malvern laser particle size analyzer were used to characterize the morphology and particle size of silver nanoparticles. All three reaction systems generated spherical nano-silver, and the average particle size was 35 nm in ethanol system, 40 nm in ethylene glycol system and 53 nm in deionized water system respectively, and the width of particle size distribution increased in the order of ethanol, ethylene glycol, and deionized water system. Besides, the morphology of nano-silver generated in deionized water was diverse, including mainly spherical nano-silver and a small amount of anisotropically shaped nano-silver. In conclusion, using ethanol as a solvent helped produce small and uniform spherical nano silver.