目的 研究炮弹药筒内孔几何尺寸在线自动检测系统。 方法 根据炮弹药筒内孔几何尺寸的设计要求和加工工艺特点， 应用气电测量系统对其进行测量。 根据气电测量系统的测量特点设计机械运动结构； 设计自动检测系统实现自动上下料、在线测量、数据采集处理和触摸屏监测。 以 PLC 作为自动控制、数据采集和数据处理的核心。 针对测量数据的特点提出了一种高效通讯数据处理方法， 解决了串行通信数据格式分散、运算困难和数据显示不匹配等问题；运用标准环规对该自动检测系统的重复度、线性度进行了实验研究， 并将测量结果准确地显示在触摸屏上。 结果 该系统的最大测量偏差为 4 μm， 测量数据的离散程度小， 系统的重复性精度高； 由拟合直线可知系统的线性特性好。 结论 通过对该在线检测系统的实验研究，保证了其对炮弹药筒的检测效率达到 800 件/h，且检测精度和运行可靠性高。

Objective To study the online automatic detection system for geometric size of cartridge inner hole. Methods Firstly, on the basis of the design requirement and processing technical characteristics of the geometric size of cartridge inner hole, the gas electric measurement system was used for measurement. According to the measuring characteristics of gas electric measurement system, the mechanical movement structure was designed. Secondly, the automatic detection system was designed to realize automatic loading and unloading, online measurement, data acquisition and processing and touch screen monitoring. PLC was used as the core of the automatic control, data acquisition and data processing. Based on the characteristics of measurement data, a highly efficient communication data processing method was put forward to solve the problems of serial communication data format dispersion, operation difficulty and data mismatching. Finally, the standard ring gauge was used to study the multiplicity and the linearity of the automatic detection system, and accurate measurement results were displayed on the touch screen. Results Research showed that the maximal deviation of the system was measured to be 4 μ m, the discrete degree of measurement data was low, and the repeatability precision of the system was high. As seen from the fitting straight line, the linear characteristics of the system was good. Conclusion Through the experimental study of the system, it was ensured that the detection efficiency of cartridge was 800 pieces per hour with high detection accuracy and reliability.