总结了引起食品变质的原因，介绍了抗菌包装中所用抗菌剂，如无机抗菌剂、有机抗菌剂、天然抗菌剂、纳米抗菌剂和气体抗菌剂，简要描述了抗菌剂在食品包装中的应用进展。

The causes of food spoilage were summarized. The antimicrobial agents used in packaging were introduced, such as inorganic antiseptics, organic antibacterial agent, natural antimicrobials, nano antibacterial agent and gas antibacterial agent. The application progress of antibacterial agents in food packaging was described.