目的 基于重力沉降理论设计复合吸波材料,发展兼具强吸收与行波衰减能力的新材料体系。方法 利用高介电的碳纤维（CF）和低频吸收剂铁硅铝（FeSiAl）合金粉体在环氧树脂中的重力沉降行为,调控其分散状态,从而形成密度及电磁参数分布梯度,引入外形梯度获得宽频吸收及表面行波衰减性能。结果 探索CF、FeSiAl吸波剂的重力沉降行为及其宽频电磁性能,构建FeSiAl/CF复合吸波剂体系,研究不同变量条件下复合吸波剂体系的密度分布特征及磁介电响应规律,按照表面至底面的梯度分布实现了复合吸波材料1.0⁓2.0 g/cm3的密度变化,同时在0.1⁓2 GHz之间介电常数实部的变化范围为5.27⁓67.06,介电常数虚部为0.95⁓10.64,磁导率实部为1.07⁓5.25,磁导率虚部的峰值变化范围为0.24⁓1.70,有效拓宽了电磁波吸收频带,表面行波衰减率较均匀分布的吸波材料提升了32.5%⁓148%。结论 利用重力驱动吸波材料内部电磁参数梯度的构建,显著提升了FeSiAl/CF复合体系的电磁波吸收及行波衰减能力。
Abstract
The work aims to design composite microwave absorbing materials based on gravity-induced sedimentation and develop novel systems with strong absorption and surface wave attenuation. The gravity-induced sedimentation of high-dielectric carbon fiber (CF) and low-frequency FeSiAl alloy powders in epoxy resin was exploited to regulate dispersion, forming gradients in density and electromagnetic parameters. An external shape gradient was further introduced to achieve broadband absorption and surface wave attenuation. The gravity-induced sedimentation behavior and broadband electromagnetic performance of CF and FeSiAl absorbents were investigated, and a FeSiAl/CF composite absorber system was constructed. Under various conditions, the gradient achieved a density variation of 1.0-2.0 g/cm3 from surface to bottom. In the 0.1-2 GHz range, the real permittivity varied from 5.27 to 67.06, imaginary permittivity from 0.95 to 10.64, real permeability from 1.07 to 5.25, and peak imaginary permeability from 0.24 to 1.70. The effective absorption bandwidth was significantly broadened, and the surface wave attenuation rate increased by 38.4%-148% compared to uniform absorbers. In conclusion, constructing internal electromagnetic gradients via gravity-induced sedimentation markedly enhances both absorption and surface wave attenuation of the FeSiAl/CF composite system.
关键词
复合吸波材料 /
重力沉降 /
宽频吸收 /
行波衰减
Key words
composite microwave absorbing materials /
gravity-induced sedimentation /
broadband absorption /
surface wave attenuation
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基金
北新集团建材股份有限公司重大科技计划（CXY2025060101）;武汉市科技成果转化项目（2024031203010855）
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