目的 针对轻质宽频吸波材料低频吸收与厚度/密度之间的矛盾,以及单一损耗机制带宽受限的问题,本文提出一种将石墨烯三维螺旋超结构嵌入多孔介质中的复合吸波材料设计。方法 基于多尺度结构与材料的协同调控机制,提出一种由石墨烯三维超构骨架和多孔介质填充构成的异质复合架构,实现多种损耗机理的协同作用与多频段自适应阻抗匹配,并兼顾轻质化与宽频吸波性能。采用电磁场理论和等效电路理论,分析石墨烯三维螺旋超结构的几何参数与多孔介质损耗特性的耦合规律。结果 入射电磁波在石墨烯三维螺旋超结构表面激发电谐振和磁谐振,实现对局域电磁场的空间调控,与损耗介质产生协同吸收效应。该嵌入设计显著增强了复合材料的低频吸收性能,在2.73 GHz和3.91 GHz处分别产生-24 dB和-21 dB的2个吸收峰。所制备的复合吸波材料厚度为20 mm时,密度为8.39 kg/m2,在2⁓18 GHz频率范围内反射损耗低于-10 dB,有效吸收带宽达16 GHz。结论 通过构建石墨烯三维螺旋超结构与多孔介质复合体系,可整合多种损耗机制并实现宽频阻抗匹配,获得轻质宽频吸波性能。
Abstract
The work aims to propose a composite absorbing material design that embeds a graphene three-dimensional (3D) spiral superstructure into porous media to seal with the contradiction between low frequency absorption and thickness/density of lightweight broadband absorbing materials, and the limited bandwidth of single loss mechanism. Based on the synergistic regulation mechanism of multi-scale structure and material, a heterogeneous composite architecture composed of graphene 3D metamaterial skeleton and porous medium filling was proposed to realize the synergistic effect of various loss mechanisms and multi-band adaptive impedance matching, as well as lightweight and broadband absorbing properties. The coupling law between the geometric parameters of graphene 3D spiral superstructure and the loss characteristics of porous media was analyzed by the electromagnetic field theory and the equivalent circuit theory. The incident electromagnetic wave excited the electric resonance and magnetic resonance on the surface of the graphene 3D spiral superstructure, realized the spatial control of the local electromagnetic field, and produced a synergistic absorption effect with the loss medium. The embedded design significantly enhanced the low-frequency absorption performance of the composite, generating two absorption peaks of -24 dB and -21 dB at 2.73 GHz and 3.91 GHz, respectively. When the thickness of the prepared composite absorbing material was 20 mm, the density was 8.39 kg/m2, the reflection loss was less than -10 dB in the frequency range of 2-18 GHz, and the effective absorption bandwidth was 16 GHz. By constructing a composite system of graphene 3D spiral superstructure and porous media, a variety of loss mechanisms can be integrated and broadband impedance matching can be achieved to obtain lightweight broadband absorption properties.
关键词
多孔介质 /
电磁超材料 /
宽频吸收 /
等效电路
Key words
porous media /
electromagnetic metamaterials /
broadband absorption /
equivalent circuit
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基金
湖北省重点研发项目（2024BAB113）;中央高校基本科研业务费资助（104972026KFYjc0126）
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