目的 为解决竹纤维在聚丙烯基体中易团聚、分散性差的问题,改善聚丙烯发泡性能,优化复合发泡材料微观结构与综合性能,为植物纤维改性发泡材料的工艺优化及应用提供参考。方法 采用打浆造纸法制备竹纤维/聚丙烯复合材料,通过扫描电镜与力学测试表征材料性能;以竹纤维质量分数40%的复合材料为对象,利用超临界CO2逐步升温法制备发泡材料,探究工艺参数对泡孔结构的影响规律。结果 研究表明,在195 ℃、15~20 MPa最优工艺条件下,发泡材料泡孔均匀致密,泡孔密度为1.45×109个/cm3,平均泡孔尺寸为8.2 μm,呈窄单峰分布。结论 打浆造纸法可有效改善竹纤维团聚现象,竹纤维可发挥良好的异相成核作用,优化聚丙烯发泡结构,与传统熔融共混法相比,打浆造纸法可显著提升竹纤维在高质量分数（≥40%）下的分散均匀性,有效避免纤维团聚,从而为后续发泡提供更均匀的成核位点分布,通过调控发泡工艺可制得结构规整、性能稳定的复合发泡材料。
Abstract
To address the issues of easy agglomeration and poor dispersion of bamboo fibers in the polypropylene (PP) matrix, the work aims to improve the foaming performance of PP, optimize the microstructure and comprehensive properties of composite foamed materials and provide a reference for the process optimization and application of plant fiber-modified foaming materials. Bamboo fiber/polypropylene composites were prepared via a papermaking beating method, and their properties were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mechanical testing. By taking the composite with 40% bamboo fiber content as the research object, foamed materials were fabricated by a stepwise heating method with supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2), and the effects of process parameters on the cell structure were investigated. Under the optimal process conditions of 195 °C and 15-20 MPa, the obtained foamed material exhibited uniform and dense cells, with a cell density of 1.45×109 cells/cm3, an average cell size of 8.2 μm, and a narrow unimodal distribution. The papermaking beating method can effectively alleviate the agglomeration of bamboo fibers, and the bamboo fibers can play a favorable role as heterogeneous nucleation agents to optimize the foaming structure of polypropylene. Compared with the traditional melt blending method, the papermaking beating method can significantly enhance the dispersion uniformity of bamboo fibers at high content (≥40 wt%), effectively avoiding fiber agglomeration, thereby providing a more uniform distribution of nucleation sites for subsequent foaming. By regulating the foaming process, composite foamed materials with regular structure and stable performance can be fabricated.
关键词
超临界CO2 /
聚丙烯 /
竹纤维 /
发泡 /
打浆造纸法
Key words
supercritical CO2 /
PP /
bamboo fiber /
foaming /
papermaking
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基金
江苏省2025年度高校哲学社会科学研究项目（2025SJYB1676）
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