目的 对于目前现有果蔬气调包装材料的透气性在制成膜后即已确定,后期无法调整的局限性,制备一种透气性可调的包装薄膜。方法 采用预打孔的纤维素基膜,局部填充不同偶氮二甲酸二叔丁酯（DBAD）含量（质量分数为0.5%~4%）的聚乙烯醇（PVA）溶液制备复合薄膜,并系统表征薄膜热致孔区域的微观形貌与透氧性能。基于草莓呼吸强度确定理论最佳加热时间,并采用不同加热时间的复合膜与LDPE膜进行12 d的草莓保鲜试验,从草莓生理代谢、理化指标及感官品质多维度评价包装的可控透气保鲜效果。结果 复合薄膜在加热致孔后形成微米级微孔,复合膜热致孔区域的透氧量在12.5~42 563.1 cm3/(m2·24 h·atm)。DBAD质量分数为3%、加热6 min的复合膜能较快建立6.3% O2和9.2% CO2的匹配草莓保鲜需求的气氛环境。该组薄膜有效抑制了草莓的失重率、色泽、硬度以及腐烂指数的变化,感官评价最优,将草莓贮藏极限寿命由LDPE组的6 d延长至12 d。结论 本研究成功制备了可控透气性纤维素/PVA/DBAD薄膜,且在草莓的保鲜试验中验证了该薄膜具有良好的可控透气性。通过调控DBAD含量与热处理时间,可实现对薄膜透气性的跨数量级控制。体现了该微孔薄膜在果蔬气调包装及其他涉及可控气体交换领域的应用潜力。
Abstract
The work aims to prepare a packaging film with adjustable permeability to address the limitation of existing modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) materials for fruits and vegetables, whose gas permeability is fixed after film fabrication and cannot be subsequently adjusted. Pre-perforated cellulose matrix films were utilized, and their circular holes were locally filled with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/di-tert-butyl azodicarboxylate (DBAD) solutions containing varying DBAD concentrations (0.5%-4%) to fabricate composite films. The micro-morphology of the thermally induced pore regions and the oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of the films were systematically characterized. Based on the respiration intensity of strawberries, the theoretical optimal heating time was determined, and composite films treated with different heating times, along with low-density polyethylene (LDPE) films, were applied in a 12-day strawberry preservation trial. This trial comprehensively evaluated the controlled-permeability preservation effects across multiple dimensions, including physiological metabolism, physical and chemical indicators, and sensory qualities. Experimental results showed that micron-sized pores were successfully formed in the composite films after thermal treatment and the OTR of the thermally induced region spanned from 12.5 to 42 563.1 cm3/(m2·24 h·atm). Notably, the composite film with 3% DBAD content heated for 6 min rapidly established a gas environment of 6.3% O2 and 9.2% CO2, which precisely matched the preservation requirements of strawberries. This film group effectively inhibited changes in the weight loss rate, color, firmness, and decay index, thereby achieving the highest sensory scores and extending the ultimate shelf life of the strawberries from 6 days in the LDPE group to 12 days. A cellulose/PVA/DBAD film with controlled permeability is successfully prepared and the excellent controlled permeability of the prepared cellulose/PVA/DBAD film is successfully validated, demonstrating that an order-of-magnitude control over film permeability can be achieved by adjusting the DBAD content and heat treatment time. Ultimately, this microporous film exhibits significant application potential in modified atmosphere packaging for fruits and vegetables, as well as other fields involving controlled gas exchange.
关键词
可控透气 /
纤维素 /
偶氮二甲酸二叔丁酯 /
草莓保鲜
Key words
controllable permeability /
cellulose /
di-tert-butyl azodicarboxylate (DBAD) /
strawberry preservation
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