目的 针对无人机末端配送对包装轻量化与高防护性能的双重需求,构建高性能纤维复合防护包装选材决策模型。方法 以精密电子产品配送为典型场景,从面密度、比吸能、抗穿刺强度、缓冲系数、综合成本及绿色性能6个维度构建评价体系。以防护性能约束筛选候选材料,采用熵权法（EWM）确定客观权重、层次分析法（AHP）确定主观权重,线性组合后以TOPSIS对4种可行材料综合排序。对组合权重系数与防护约束阈值开展双维敏感性分析。结果 传统EPS因比吸能（18.3 J/g）、抗穿刺强度（28 N/mm）及缓冲系数（15.6）全部不满足防护约束而被排除。在4种可行候选材料中,UHMWPE纤维复合材料贴近度最高（Ci=0.683）,芳纶纤维/环氧树脂次之（Ci=0.546）,碳纤维/聚丙烯第三（Ci=0.416）,玄武岩纤维/聚乳酸最低（Ci=0.284）;UHMWPE在全部测试区间α∈[0.1, 0.9]内始终排名第1,AF/EP在α∈[0.2, 0.8]内稳定保持第2位。结论 UHMWPE纤维复合材料凭借最低面密度与最高比吸能的协同优势成为最优选材方案。玄武岩纤维/聚乳酸因PLA基体玻璃化转变温度（55~60 ℃）较配送温度上限（50 ℃）余量不足,在夏季地面暴晒或密闭货舱等局部极端工况下存在热致力学性能衰退风险,实际推广前建议开展热循环测试验证。所构建的“约束筛选-组合赋权-TOPSIS评价-双维敏感性分析”框架可为无人机物流包装选材提供定量依据。
Abstract
The work aims to establish a selection decision model for high-performance fiber composite protective packaging materials in response to the dual demands of lightweight packaging and high protective performance for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) last-mile delivery. Taking precision electronics delivery as a typical scenario, a six-criterion evaluation system was built covering areal density, SEA, puncture resistance, cushioning factor, cost, and green performance. Candidate materials were screened based on protective performance constraints. The Entropy Weight Method (EWM) and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) were combined to derive subjective weights. After linear combination, TOPSIS was adopted to rank four feasible materials. A dual-dimensional sensitivity analysis varied both the weight coefficient and constraint thresholds. EPS was eliminated for failing all three protective constraints (SEA 18.3 J/g, puncture resistance 28 N/mm, cushioning factor 15.6). Among the four feasible candidates, UHMWPE fiber composite ranked first (Ci=0.683), followed by AF/EP (Ci=0.546), CF/PP (Ci=0.416), and BF/PLA (Ci=0.284). UHMWPE maintained first place across α∈[0.1, 0.9]; AF/EP held second place stably for α∈[0.2, 0.8]. UHMWPE is the optimal choice due to its lowest areal density and highest SEA. BF/PLA presents a potential thermal risk because the glass transition temperature of its PLA matrix (55-60 °C) has insufficient margin compared with the upper limit of the delivery temperature range (50 °C). It is recommended to conduct thermal cycling tests for verification before actual promotion. The constructed framework of "constraint screening - combined weighting - TOPSIS evaluation - two-dimensional sensitivity analysis" can provide a quantitative basis for the material selection of UAV logistics packaging.
关键词
无人机末端配送 /
高性能纤维复合材料 /
防护包装 /
EWM-TOPSIS /
多属性决策 /
选材决策
Key words
UAV last-mile delivery /
high-performance fiber composite /
protective packaging /
EWM-TOPSIS /
multi-attribute decision making /
material selection
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基金
国家社会科学基金（24FGLB047）;北京经济管理职业学院科技英才支持计划（25KJYCLH01）;北京经济管理职业学院科技创新团队建设项目（24KJTD01）
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