目的 研究球形钨破片对双层Q355钢靶的侵彻规律,分析破片直径和入射角度对侵彻能力的影响,为防护结构设计与破片威力评估提供参考。方法 结合弹道枪试验与LS-DYNA数值仿真,采用Johnson-Cook本构模型建立高精度有限元模型,模拟不同直径和入射角度下球形钨破片侵彻双层Q355钢靶的过程,获取弹道极限速度、剩余速度及靶板破坏形貌等数据。结果 仿真结果与试验数据吻合良好,不同直径的破片剩余速度相对误差最大为8.9%,验证了模型的有效性。破片直径与弹道极限速度呈负相关,直径增大可有效降低入射角对侵彻能力的影响;双层靶板结构会增加破片侵彻过程能量消耗,双层靶防护效能优于等厚单层靶。结论 基于试验与仿真数据,拟合了适用于球形钨破片侵彻双层Q355钢靶的THOR剩余速度计算公式,公式计算值与试验仿真的数据最大相对误差绝对值为6.87%,可为防护结构设计与钨破片侵彻研究提供有效参考。
Abstract
The work aims to investigate the penetration behavior of spherical tungsten fragments against double-layer Q355 steel targets, analyze the effects of fragment diameter and incidence angle on penetration capability, and provide reference for the design of protective structures and the assessment of fragment power. A high-precision finite element model was developed using the Johnson-Cook constitutive model within LS-DYNA, integrating ballistic gun experiments and numerical simulations. The penetration processes of spherical tungsten fragments with varying diameters and incident angles were simulated to yield data on ballistic limit velocity, residual velocity, and target damage morphology. The validity of the model was confirmed through comparison with experimental data, with the maximum relative error in residual velocity under typical conditions being 8.9%. The results showed a significant negative correlation between fragment diameter and ballistic limit velocity; increasing the fragment diameter effectively reduced the influence of incident angle on penetration capability. Moreover, due to its staged energy dissipation mechanism, the double-layer target offered superior protective performance compared with the monolithic target of equivalent thickness. Based on the experimental and simulation data, a modified THOR residual velocity formula is derived for spherical tungsten fragments penetrating double-layer Q355 steel targets. The maximum absolute relative error between the formula-calculated values and the experimental/simulation data is 6.87%, providing an effective reference for protective structure design and research on tungsten fragment penetration.
关键词
球形钨破片 /
Q355钢 /
双层靶 /
数值模拟
Key words
spherical tungsten fragment /
Q355 steel /
double-layer target /
numerical simulation
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