目的 针对新能源汽车覆盖件在物流过程中易因包装防护不足或过度导致损伤与成本浪费的问题,构建一套科学、综合的运输包装效果评价模型,支持运输包装方案的系统化优选与优化。方法 融合模糊层次分析法（FAHP）与模糊综合评价法（FCE）,建立涵盖保护性能、经济性能、操作性及环保性4个一级指标和对应的15个二级指标的评价体系;通过三角模糊数表征专家判断的不确定性,计算各级指标权重,并结合隶属度矩阵进行多层次模糊合成,实现对包装方案的综合量化评估。结果 以某新能源汽车前保险杠运输包装方案（PE气泡膜包裹+EPE角部护角+拉伸缠绕膜固定+木质外框架）为例,其综合得分为85.10分,隶属“良好”等级;其中保护性能（86.67分）与操作性（85.71分）表现较好,经济性能（83.81分）与环保性（83.10分）相对较弱,尤以包装循环使用度（79.75）与废弃物处理成本（80.47）构成显著短板,清晰揭示了方案在可持续性维度的关键失效节点,充分印证了评价模型的诊断效力。结论 FAHP-FCE模型有效处理运输包装评价中的模糊性与多属性决策问题,输出结果兼具客观性与稳健性,在量化诊断与工程应用层面均展现出显著优势。案例方案虽整体可行,但在可持续性与全生命周期成本控制方面仍存在优化空间,后续应聚焦材料循环与成本结构实施精准改进。
Abstract
To address the issues of damage and cost inefficiency caused by inadequate or excessive transport packaging of new energy vehicle (NEV) cover components during logistics, the work aims to develop a scientific and comprehensive evaluation model to support systematic optimization and selection of transport packaging solutions. The Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation (FCE) methods were integrated to establish a multi-level indicator system encompassing four primary dimensions of protective performance, economic performance, operability, and environmental friendliness with 15 corresponding sub-indicators. Triangular fuzzy numbers were employed to capture the inherent uncertainty in expert judgments, enabling objective calculation of indicator weights, while a multi-level fuzzy synthesis based on membership matrices facilitated comprehensive quantitative assessment of the packaging solution. With a front bumper packaging solution (PE bubble wrap + EPE corner protectors + stretch film fixing + wooden outer frame) as a case study, the overall score was 85.10, falling into the "good" category. Protective performance (86.67) and operability (85.71) were satisfactory, whereas economic performance (83.81) and environmental friendliness (83.10) were relatively weaker. Notably, packaging reusability (79.75) and waste disposal cost (80.47) emerged as critical bottlenecks, precisely identifying key deficiencies in the sustainability dimension and fully demonstrating the diagnostic capability of the proposed model. The findings confirm that the FAHP-FCE method effectively addresses fuzziness and multi-attribute complexity in transport packaging evaluation, yielding objective and robust results with marked advantages in quantitative diagnosis and engineering applicability. Although the case solution is generally feasible, further optimization in sustainability and life-cycle cost management is warranted, with targeted improvements in material recyclability and cost structure recommended for future efforts.
关键词
新能源汽车覆盖件 /
包装评价 /
三角模糊数 /
模糊层次分析法（FAHP） /
模糊综合评价法（FCE）
Key words
new energy vehicle cover components /
packaging evaluation /
triangular fuzzy number /
Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) /
Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation (FCE)
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基金
海口市重点科技计划项目资助(2024-016)
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