目的 塑料包装虽应用广泛,但其表面易发生微生物附着与生物膜形成,带来污染与交叉感染风险;同时,传统小分子抗菌剂在塑料中存在迁移析出、耐热性不足等问题。本研究旨在构建一种能够高效抗菌并保持良好的热稳定性与力学性能的EP/TPE抗菌复合材料体系。方法 以环氧树脂（EP）和热塑性弹性体（TPE）为基体,引入季鏻盐-苯并噁嗪作为抗菌剂,通过充分混合并固化制备复合材料,以期实现抗菌基团在材料中的固定与性能协同。结果 热重结果表明,该抗菌剂在Td10%下的热分解温度超过300 ℃,可较好适应材料加工温度。加入抗菌剂后材料强度与韧性同步改善,其中拉伸强度相对空白对照组最高提升了103%;对大肠杆菌（E. coli）和金黄色葡萄球菌（S. aureus）进行抗菌测试,当抗菌单体添加量（质量分数）为2.5%时,抗菌率超过99.99%。结论 季鏻盐-苯并噁嗪抗菌塑料体系能够在较低添加量下实现高效抗菌,并提升材料力学性能,同时具备满足加工需求的热稳定性。
Abstract
Plastic packaging is extensively utilized. However, its surfaces are susceptible to microbial adhesion and subsequent biofilm formation, thereby elevating the risks of contamination and cross-infection. In addition, conventional low-molecular-weight antimicrobial agents incorporated into plastics frequently exhibit undesired migration/leaching as well as inadequate thermal resistance. Accordingly, the work aims to develop an EP/TPE-based antimicrobial composite system that achieves high antibacterial efficiency while retaining favorable thermal stability and mechanical performance. An epoxy resin (EP) and a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) were employed as the matrix, into which a quaternary phosphonium-benzoxazine compound was introduced as the antimicrobial agent. The constituents were thoroughly blended and then cured to fabricate the composite, with the intent of immobilizing the antibacterial functionalities within the material and realizing synergistic enhancement of overall properties. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that the antimicrobial agent exhibited a decomposition temperature at 10% mass loss (Td10%) exceeding 300 °C, suggesting that it was sufficiently thermally robust for typical polymer-processing temperature. After incorporation of the antimicrobial agent, both strength and toughness were improved concurrently. In particular, the tensile strength increased by up to 103% relative to the blank control. Antibacterial assays performed against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) showed that, at an antimicrobial monomer loading of 2.5 wt%, the antibacterial rate exceeded 99.99%. The quaternary phosphonium-benzoxazine-based antimicrobial plastic system delivers highly efficient antibacterial activity at relatively low loading, enhances mechanical performance, and provides thermal stability adequate to satisfy processing requirements.
关键词
苯并噁嗪 /
环氧树脂 /
抗菌 /
复合材料
Key words
benzoxazine /
epoxy resin /
antibacterial /
composite material
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基金
国家自然科学基金（52403104）; 山东省博士后创新项目（SDCX-ZG-202503152）
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